Here is a list of more recent resources and bibliography on **Critical Thinking** as a competence, not older than 10 years, which covers both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as its role in the EU context.

Books

“Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide” (2019), Tracy Bowell, Gary Kemp – Routledge 

This concise and practical guide to critical thinking explains the core principles of the subject, how to evaluate arguments, and how to develop critical reasoning skills. It provides clear examples and exercises, which can be particularly useful in educational contexts.

“Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom” (2019), Bell Hooks. 

Routledge Bell Hooks is renowned for her work on education, and this book focuses on the importance of critical thinking in education, offering strategies for integrating it into teaching practices. It emphasizes the development of critical thinking in a collaborative and dialogic classroom environment.

“The Critical Thinking Toolkit: A Step-by-Step Guide to Better Decisions” (2016), Dr. Robert A. Harris, Oxford University Press 

This toolkit presents a step-by-step approach to understanding and developing critical thinking skills. It includes a range of practical tools for applying critical thinking in everyday decision-making and problem-solving situations.

EU Frameworks and Policy Documents

Key Competences for Lifelong Learning: A European Reference Framework” (2018)

This official document outlines the **key competences for lifelong learning**, including critical thinking, as one of the essential skills for personal, social, and professional development. The document emphasises the importance of fostering critical thinking as part of the overall strategy for education and skills development in Europe.

Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning” (2018)

This document provides an overarching framework for understanding and promoting the key competences required for lifelong learning. Critical thinking is integrated into the framework as a fundamental skill for navigating complex information and making informed decisions.

Critical Thinking website, run by the Foundation for Critical Thinking, offers a wealth of resources on developing critical thinking skills. It includes articles, curriculum guides, and frameworks for teaching critical thinking at all levels of education.

Although DigiCompEdu of EU focuses on digital competence for educators, it includes several references to **critical thinking** as it applies to digital environments. The framework provides guidelines on how educators can develop critical thinking skills among students using technology and digital tools.

These resources provide recent insights into critical thinking as a competence, especially within the EU context. They offer a variety of perspectives, ranging from theoretical background to practical teaching strategies and policy frameworks. The integration of critical thinking in education is increasingly emphasised in both traditional academic settings and in lifelong learning programs, ensuring that individuals are better equipped to handle complex, real-world challenges.