Critical thinking is an assessment of information and arguments to support reasoned conclusions and develop innovative solutions.

Critical thinking is a higher-order thinking competence that is considered essential for lifelong learning and personal development. It enables individuals to navigate complexity, make informed decisions, and adapt to changing circumstances.

Critical thinking is essential in the age of big data because the amount of information available online, in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal beliefs, is reaching us almost limitless. It is therefore critical for citizens to be able to distinguish between real facts, propaganda, opinions, and rumours and to be committed to stopping the spread of misinformation, inverting the trend that sees fake news spreading online farther, faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth.

Moreover, critical thinking enhances the ongoing reconstruction of one’s thinking and produces new knowledge and strategies to solve problems, besides the willingness to critically assess and evaluate information.

Descriptors defining this competence

Awareness of potential biases in the data and one’s personal limitations, while collecting valid and reliable information and ideas from diverse and reputable sources.

Individuals need to be aware of the possibility of dealing with misinformation and willing to fact-check a piece of information and evaluate the credibility of a source.

Comparing, analysing, assessing, and synthesizing data, information, ideas, and media messages in order to draw logical conclusions.

Learning how to deploy critical thinking allows the playful exploration of ideas, perspectives and pathways in order to scaffold self-arguments and thoughts and identify or explicitly express possible biases. Possible methods to assess a logical conclusion could be the use of several ways of thinking such as divergent and convergent thinking, syllogism or fact-checking.

Developing creative ideas, synthesising and combining concepts and information from different sources in view of solving problems.

Creativity enables individuals to question assumptions, re-evaluate problems considering different variables and to take sensible risk. Being persistent, collaborative, and disciplined sustain creativity.

These critical thinking skills are highly valued in the workplace, as they enable employees to work independently, solve complex problems, and make informed decisions. Employers across various industries consider critical thinking skills essential for business success.

Aims and learning outcomes

The aims of the activities help participants 

• become better at analysing information, 
• making thoughtful decisions, and 
• engaging with the world in a more reflective and informed way.
  

Developing the competence can bring lots of benefits in a person and their working environment

1.  Informed Decision-Making: Critical thinking helps individuals evaluate information, weigh evidence, and consider different perspectives before making decisions. This leads to better choices, whether in everyday life, at work, or in complex problem-solving situations.
2. Problem-Solving Skills: Critical thinking involves analysing situations logically and creatively. This competence enables individuals to break down problems into manageable parts and find effective solutions.
3. Recognizing Bias and Manipulation: In a world flooded with information (and misinformation), critical thinking is essential to recognise biases, propaganda, or deceptive tactics. It helps people question the validity of sources and arguments and make decisions based on facts rather than emotions or external pressures.
4. Creativity and Innovation: Critical thinking isn’t just about scepticism or analysis; it also involves thinking outside the box. It encourages creative approaches to challenges, fostering innovation in many fields, from technology to social change.
5. Comunicazione efficace: Critical thinkers are skilled at presenting their ideas clearly, supporting their arguments with evidence, and engaging in constructive debates. This is especially important in both personal and professional environments.
6. Adattabilità: In an era of rapid change, critical thinking helps individuals adjust and adapt by assessing new information and contexts logically, rather than relying solely on outdated knowledge or knee-jerk reactions.
7. Self-Reflection and Growth: Critical thinking is not just about evaluating external information but also about reflecting on one’s own thoughts, biases, and assumptions. This self-awareness contributes to personal development and growth.

In summary, critical thinking equips individuals with the tools to navigate complexity, make informed decisions, and engage more effectively with the world. It’s an essential competence in all areas of life, helping people think clearly, act purposefully, and adapt to change. Does this resonate with any specific situations or challenges you’ve encountered?